Hello again, today I take and I'll put this post on a topic that has caught my attention since forever ... skinhead subculture. Contrary to what the Nazis did in Costa Rica, here I will focus not only on the right-wing skins, but would like to share a bit about the history of this subculture, its roots and how it has mutated to split into two polar opposites: racist and anti racist. I
This article based on the documentary Skinhead Attitude , which I attach to the final. I clarify that I'm not Skinhead and I am not affiliated with any association skinhead and that this item is I do based on what I have seen from outside the movement, so I apologize if I make any mistakes or omit something important. In the comments are more than welcome criticisms, corrections and recommendations.
The birth and growth of Skinhead culture
The 60's were a breeding ground for various youth subcultures in England that identified different patterns of behavior, style, music and fashion. These subcultures were the Teddy Boys (rock and roll fans), the Mods (fashionistas and groups like The Who) and with the arrival of a significant number of Jamaicans, the Rude Boy (Reggae skinhead fan) . These subcultures attracted many strata of English society, with the Rude Boy the type of look and attitude that best calo with much of the young white working class poor.
of the fusion of Mod and Skinhead Rude Boy was born in the late 60's, largely as a growing opposition to Hippie movement that came from the United States. The first skinheads focused yet but the look and music, in politics or race. It was not uncommon to see black skinheads and several popular bands that played reggae and ska subculture.
The skinhead look is mostly in tight pants, military boots, shirts and ties abonotadas. The cropped hair or shaved, mainly because long hair interfered to fight or to work in heavy industry, to which belonged many skinheads.
In 1969 the rock band Slade Skinhead adopts the look and popularized as part of their marketing strategy. Also gained notoriety the novels of Richard Allen, recognized for its explicit sexual content and violence, standing and Skinhead Skinhead Escapes.
However in the early 70's Skinhead scene lost power and new groups emerged and currents. It was with the punk wave of the end of that decade that the Skinhead revived. The new punk skinheads took a more aggressive attitude and mutual beligrante and the scene in unexpected ways when several skinheads took a turn toward the extreme right joining fascist organizations like the National Front .
Punk also helped the movement spread outside England, Continental Europe first and then to America. As the scene is politicized and polarized in England, soon after so did the other countries.
As time passed, riots and violence by some members, whether by its registration to groups of racial superiority or influence in groups holigans who gained notoriety in the 80's when they took football stadiums, was damaging image people have of the skinheads, branding every member of that culture as criminals and dangerous people.
The struggle for even
Contrary to what many people believe, NOT ALL neo-Nazi skinheads are . In fact there are several ideological skinheads ranging from the Communists, through some apolitical until the famous Nazi of extremely right. There are currently several international associations such as skinheads SHARP (Skinheads Against Racial Prejudice ) and ARA (Anti-Racist Action ), which together with other groups make up the anti-racist and anti fascist movement, but unfortunately several of its members are so extremist and violent as his right-wing counterparts.
In fact, this polarization of the Skinhead scene between racist and anti-racism has escalated into a kind of civil war in some countries where both sides attack each other and often it has ended in murder and rioting.
In England, the birthplace of the movement, the rise of the current extreme right took power in the 80's during the government of Margaret Thatcher. National Front split into groups of racist ideology, emphasizing the British Movement, which emerged after White Aryan Resistance, Blood and Honour and Hammerskins. The band logo of this movement right was Skrewdriver, whose lead singer Ian Stuart Donaldson was an ardent admirer of Adolph Hitler.
In the 80's too, and given the stigma that the media had placed on the skinheads who were racist widespread in the United States, especially in the north of the country, anti-racist arise. SHARP was born in New York in 1987, while ARA also born in Minneapolis in the late 80's. In 1993 in New York also created Red and Anarchist Skinheads (RASH), a left wing group which soon extends inside and outside the United States.
In Europe, mainly in Britain a group of skinheads calls for return to the roots apolitical movement, an attitude represented by groups like the Glasgow Spy Kids, who coined the famous Spirit of 69 . The genus Oi! with bands like Cockney Rejects , The 4-Skins, Toy Dolls, and The Business was in charge of reviving the skinhead music and give an address apolitical or simply racist. Ironically
initially the Oi! were linked to the extreme right, but eventually was made the division, when neo-Nazis set up their own genre called Rock Against Communism .
But the clash between racist and anti racist stayed in music and politics. In the 90's an extremist neo-Nazi group Blood and Honor created in England a military faction called Combat 18, which provides its team members and military training. The number 18 corresponds to the letters of the alphabet A and H for Hitler.
Much of its members were arrested, although some escaped or were exiled to countries like Sweden, where are the oposion not have in his native England. Other right-wing militarist factions have emerged in other European countries and mainly in the United States, mainly in the southern states, where they merged with traditional hate groups like the Ku Klux Klan.
The anti-racist in turn attack or defend themselves from neo-Nazi groups and there are frequent fights and riots at concerts and other activities. Several anti-fascist groups have taken positions too violent and attack openly racist skinheads, with connections, although it is not rare to see them urban fighting other tribes.
spite of this civil war, many apolitical skinheads who think rather return to the roots and only attracted to the skinhead music and fashion. It is not uncommon for this group is strongly attacked by bands of extreme right or left. Skinhead
and Hooligans
Apart from music and politics, football has been influenced by the skinhead movement. In spite of NOT ALL SKINHEADS ARE HOLIGANS , an important group of skins are football fans, especially in Europe, and belong to different bars football teams.
In Britain the phenomenon of Hooligalismo not again, but made headlines in the 80's when there were several clashes and unrest in football stadiums. This phenomenon reached its climax immediately with the Heysel tragedy that happened at the start of the UEFA Champions League final between Liverpool and Juventus on May 29, 1985 which left 39 dead and 600 wounded. As a result of this tragedy the English teams are excluded from European competitions until 1990.
In 1989, another English soccer mourns tragedy when 96 Liverpool fans died at Hillsborough stadium in Sheffield during the FA Cup match between Liverpool and Nottingham Forest. After this disaster, the government began a crackdown on holligans, but reforms are actually carried out by the leaders of the Premiership, which lead to the creation of the Premier League in the 90's, which would eventually undermine and control the hooligans.
But while in Britain the situation improved, football violence began to be present on the continent. Recently, several right-wing groups have demonstrated in the stands, wearing Nazi symbols and harassing black players with monkey cries, insults and throwing bananas. The phenomenon has been observed in Spain, Italy, Serbia and even in Russia, where white supremacist groups have gained strength and have attracted much international attention.
Final comments
It's ironic that a scene was born as the fusion of black and white culture became the battleground of political ideologies and groups as diverse racial. Actually I think it is due to the attitude of the skinhead beligrante and intimidating and quasi-military image they project.
This was from its beginnings in the 60's with the rude boys, who were immigrants from Jamaica and other Caribbean islands with criminal records and gang mentality coming to England. They are the grandparents of the skinheads and mixing with the British working class is coming out this subculture. For over many neo-Nazi skinheads want to deny it, the movement has black roots.
pandilllera That mentality is maintained between all groups of skinheads, racist or not racist, who are in a family group which defended by any method, including violence. Do not forget that despite the fact that much now boy adopts the skinhead lifestyle for fashion or for the look, this way of life born in the street and has never been peaceful.
At first they were bands of young rebels trying to prove his manhood getting into fights, but by the end of the 70's, when the movement takes political overtones, is that the situation gets difficult and even dangerous for members of this subculture who are at war with the authorities and among themselves.
the end I think this war is gaining the right, thanks to the publicity it receives in the media and that has made the skinhead look is synonymous with racism and hatred. Despite the efforts of RASH, SHARP and other groups whose methods sometimes are not very different from those used by the fascists, the skinhead subculture will always be linked to violence. It is something that is in the DNA of its members, and that to be Skinhead must be tough ... and if so, then the whole movement has no sense.
This article based on the documentary Skinhead Attitude , which I attach to the final. I clarify that I'm not Skinhead and I am not affiliated with any association skinhead and that this item is I do based on what I have seen from outside the movement, so I apologize if I make any mistakes or omit something important. In the comments are more than welcome criticisms, corrections and recommendations.
The birth and growth of Skinhead culture
The 60's were a breeding ground for various youth subcultures in England that identified different patterns of behavior, style, music and fashion. These subcultures were the Teddy Boys (rock and roll fans), the Mods (fashionistas and groups like The Who) and with the arrival of a significant number of Jamaicans, the Rude Boy (Reggae skinhead fan) . These subcultures attracted many strata of English society, with the Rude Boy the type of look and attitude that best calo with much of the young white working class poor. of the fusion of Mod and Skinhead Rude Boy was born in the late 60's, largely as a growing opposition to Hippie movement that came from the United States. The first skinheads focused yet but the look and music, in politics or race. It was not uncommon to see black skinheads and several popular bands that played reggae and ska subculture.
The skinhead look is mostly in tight pants, military boots, shirts and ties abonotadas. The cropped hair or shaved, mainly because long hair interfered to fight or to work in heavy industry, to which belonged many skinheads.
In 1969 the rock band Slade Skinhead adopts the look and popularized as part of their marketing strategy. Also gained notoriety the novels of Richard Allen, recognized for its explicit sexual content and violence, standing and Skinhead Skinhead Escapes.
However in the early 70's Skinhead scene lost power and new groups emerged and currents. It was with the punk wave of the end of that decade that the Skinhead revived. The new punk skinheads took a more aggressive attitude and mutual beligrante and the scene in unexpected ways when several skinheads took a turn toward the extreme right joining fascist organizations like the National Front . Punk also helped the movement spread outside England, Continental Europe first and then to America. As the scene is politicized and polarized in England, soon after so did the other countries.
As time passed, riots and violence by some members, whether by its registration to groups of racial superiority or influence in groups holigans who gained notoriety in the 80's when they took football stadiums, was damaging image people have of the skinheads, branding every member of that culture as criminals and dangerous people.
The struggle for even
Contrary to what many people believe, NOT ALL neo-Nazi skinheads are . In fact there are several ideological skinheads ranging from the Communists, through some apolitical until the famous Nazi of extremely right. There are currently several international associations such as skinheads SHARP (Skinheads Against Racial Prejudice ) and ARA (Anti-Racist Action ), which together with other groups make up the anti-racist and anti fascist movement, but unfortunately several of its members are so extremist and violent as his right-wing counterparts. In fact, this polarization of the Skinhead scene between racist and anti-racism has escalated into a kind of civil war in some countries where both sides attack each other and often it has ended in murder and rioting.
In England, the birthplace of the movement, the rise of the current extreme right took power in the 80's during the government of Margaret Thatcher. National Front split into groups of racist ideology, emphasizing the British Movement, which emerged after White Aryan Resistance, Blood and Honour and Hammerskins. The band logo of this movement right was Skrewdriver, whose lead singer Ian Stuart Donaldson was an ardent admirer of Adolph Hitler. In the 80's too, and given the stigma that the media had placed on the skinheads who were racist widespread in the United States, especially in the north of the country, anti-racist arise. SHARP was born in New York in 1987, while ARA also born in Minneapolis in the late 80's. In 1993 in New York also created Red and Anarchist Skinheads (RASH), a left wing group which soon extends inside and outside the United States.
In Europe, mainly in Britain a group of skinheads calls for return to the roots apolitical movement, an attitude represented by groups like the Glasgow Spy Kids, who coined the famous Spirit of 69 . The genus Oi! with bands like Cockney Rejects , The 4-Skins, Toy Dolls, and The Business was in charge of reviving the skinhead music and give an address apolitical or simply racist. Ironically
initially the Oi! were linked to the extreme right, but eventually was made the division, when neo-Nazis set up their own genre called Rock Against Communism .
But the clash between racist and anti racist stayed in music and politics. In the 90's an extremist neo-Nazi group Blood and Honor created in England a military faction called Combat 18, which provides its team members and military training. The number 18 corresponds to the letters of the alphabet A and H for Hitler. Much of its members were arrested, although some escaped or were exiled to countries like Sweden, where are the oposion not have in his native England. Other right-wing militarist factions have emerged in other European countries and mainly in the United States, mainly in the southern states, where they merged with traditional hate groups like the Ku Klux Klan.
The anti-racist in turn attack or defend themselves from neo-Nazi groups and there are frequent fights and riots at concerts and other activities. Several anti-fascist groups have taken positions too violent and attack openly racist skinheads, with connections, although it is not rare to see them urban fighting other tribes. spite of this civil war, many apolitical skinheads who think rather return to the roots and only attracted to the skinhead music and fashion. It is not uncommon for this group is strongly attacked by bands of extreme right or left. Skinhead
and Hooligans
Apart from music and politics, football has been influenced by the skinhead movement. In spite of NOT ALL SKINHEADS ARE HOLIGANS , an important group of skins are football fans, especially in Europe, and belong to different bars football teams.
In Britain the phenomenon of Hooligalismo not again, but made headlines in the 80's when there were several clashes and unrest in football stadiums. This phenomenon reached its climax immediately with the Heysel tragedy that happened at the start of the UEFA Champions League final between Liverpool and Juventus on May 29, 1985 which left 39 dead and 600 wounded. As a result of this tragedy the English teams are excluded from European competitions until 1990.
In 1989, another English soccer mourns tragedy when 96 Liverpool fans died at Hillsborough stadium in Sheffield during the FA Cup match between Liverpool and Nottingham Forest. After this disaster, the government began a crackdown on holligans, but reforms are actually carried out by the leaders of the Premiership, which lead to the creation of the Premier League in the 90's, which would eventually undermine and control the hooligans.
But while in Britain the situation improved, football violence began to be present on the continent. Recently, several right-wing groups have demonstrated in the stands, wearing Nazi symbols and harassing black players with monkey cries, insults and throwing bananas. The phenomenon has been observed in Spain, Italy, Serbia and even in Russia, where white supremacist groups have gained strength and have attracted much international attention.
Final comments
It's ironic that a scene was born as the fusion of black and white culture became the battleground of political ideologies and groups as diverse racial. Actually I think it is due to the attitude of the skinhead beligrante and intimidating and quasi-military image they project.
This was from its beginnings in the 60's with the rude boys, who were immigrants from Jamaica and other Caribbean islands with criminal records and gang mentality coming to England. They are the grandparents of the skinheads and mixing with the British working class is coming out this subculture. For over many neo-Nazi skinheads want to deny it, the movement has black roots.
pandilllera That mentality is maintained between all groups of skinheads, racist or not racist, who are in a family group which defended by any method, including violence. Do not forget that despite the fact that much now boy adopts the skinhead lifestyle for fashion or for the look, this way of life born in the street and has never been peaceful.
At first they were bands of young rebels trying to prove his manhood getting into fights, but by the end of the 70's, when the movement takes political overtones, is that the situation gets difficult and even dangerous for members of this subculture who are at war with the authorities and among themselves.
the end I think this war is gaining the right, thanks to the publicity it receives in the media and that has made the skinhead look is synonymous with racism and hatred. Despite the efforts of RASH, SHARP and other groups whose methods sometimes are not very different from those used by the fascists, the skinhead subculture will always be linked to violence. It is something that is in the DNA of its members, and that to be Skinhead must be tough ... and if so, then the whole movement has no sense.
Jay "Just walking by the lines"
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